How do bridges and Layer 2 switches filter traffic?

Bridges and Layer 2 switches filter traffic by evaluating the destination MAC address of each incoming frame and directing the frames accordingly. This process is essential for efficient network traffic management. When a frame is received, the device checks the MAC address to determine the appropriate exit port for the frame, allowing it to reach its intended destination. By filtering traffic in this way, these devices significantly reduce unnecessary traffic on the network, avoiding broadcasting frames to all ports, which can lead to congestion and inefficient data transmission.

This method of filtering based on MAC addresses allows for better network performance, as it limits the number of devices that receive each frame to only those that need it. Consequently, devices that aren't the destination for that frame do not process it, which conserves bandwidth and improves overall system efficiency.