What aspect differentiates Layer 2 switches from bridges?

Layer 2 switches provide higher data throughput compared to bridges, which is a key differentiating factor between the two. This increased data throughput is primarily due to the internal design and architecture of switches, which allows them to handle multiple simultaneous data frames and process them more efficiently. Unlike bridges, which typically have more limited processing capabilities and may have to handle traffic one frame at a time, switches utilize hardware-based switching techniques that enable them to forward packets quickly based on MAC addresses.

Bridges, designed earlier as simpler devices to segment networks, may encounter performance bottlenecks as they filter and forward traffic. In contrast, switching technology can manage larger volumes of data with lower latency, making Layer 2 switches ideal for modern networking environments that demand speed and efficiency.

The other options do not accurately represent the functional characteristics of Layer 2 switches in comparison to bridges. For instance, the assertion that Layer 2 switches are generally slower contradicts their purpose of providing faster data transfer rates. Similarly, the claim that Layer 2 switches do not filter traffic is incorrect, as they do filter based on MAC addresses. Lastly, stating that Layer 2 switches operate at the application layer misrepresents their actual function since they operate at the data link layer.