What is typically not managed by an operating system?

The correct answer is application software because the operating system primarily focuses on managing the hardware and core functionalities necessary for a computer's operation. Application software, on the other hand, is designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as word processing or web browsing, and operates on top of the operating system. While the operating system provides an environment for application software to run, it does not manage the applications themselves.

In contrast, peripheral control, file input/output (I/O), and screen display management are all responsibilities of the operating system. It handles communication between the system and peripherals like printers and keyboards, manages how files are read from or written to storage devices, and controls what is shown on the screen. These functions are essential for the overall system performance and user experience, distinguishing them from the application software that users interact with directly.