What networking technique allows for the division of a single network address into smaller networks?

Subnetting is the correct answer because it refers to the method of dividing a larger network into multiple smaller, manageable sub-networks, also known as subnets. This technique helps optimize network performance and enhance security by limiting the broadcast domain—a characteristic that minimizes traffic and potential congestion within the network.

By using subnetting, network administrators can effectively allocate IP addresses and manage network resources more efficiently, allowing for better control over network traffic, addressing schemes, and access policies. This approach is essential in ensuring that each subnet can operate more independently while still being part of the larger overall network.

The other techniques mentioned, while they play important roles in networking, do not specifically pertain to the act of dividing a network. Encapsulation involves wrapping data with protocol information, and framing relates to the method of organizing data for network transmission. Segmenting, while important for directing traffic in certain contexts, typically refers to breaking down large packets or data streams rather than dividing network addresses.